PSG has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 years.